Essay Terms

Before writing an essay response it is important to understand exactly what is being asked. There are certain key words in every question that tell you what information the professor is asking for, and which can actually tell you how to format your response. This list, with common key words and brief definitions, may be the answer to that common question, "So what am I really supposed to do?"

Analyze
Take apart and look at something closely.
Compare
Look for similarities and differences; stress similarities.
Contrast
Look for differences and similarities; stress differences.
Critique
Point out both positive and negative aspects.
Define
Explain exactly what something means.
Describe
Show what something looks like, including physical features. It can also mean to give an account or narrate
Discuss
This means to argue for and against. Mention different groups or individuals involved and the viewpoint of each. State evidence supporting a viewpoint and evidence contrary to it.
Evaluate
Make a value judgement according to some clear criteria.
Explain
Clarify or interpret how something works or happens.
Illustrate
Show by means of example, picture, or diagram.
Interpret
Translate how or why; implies some subjective judgements.
Justify
Argue in support of something; to find positive reasons.
List
Order facts, attributes, or items in sequence. This usually means to arrange certain facts in 1,2,3 order
Outline
Organize according to hierarchy and/or category.
Prove
Demonstrate correctness by use of logic, fact, or example.
Review
Reexamine the main points or highlights of something.
State
This means a simple statement of facts: example State the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Summarize
Pull together the main points.
Synthesize
Combine or pull together pieces or concepts.
Trace
Present an outline, show a sequence of how or why something occurs or happens.